Mastery

Child Rights and Legislation — Mastery

30 questions 30 min Full-chapter mastery

Q1. The Census of India considers a person below which age as a 'child' for its enumeration?
- A. Below 6 years
- B. Below 14 years
- C. Below 16 years
- D. Below 18 years
Q2. The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009 applies to children of which age band?
- A. 0 to 6 years
- B. 3 to 14 years
- C. 6 to 14 years
- D. 6 to 18 years
Q3. A school in rural Bihar bars 12-year-old Aarti from speaking in the Bal Sabha and from writing in the school wall magazine, saying 'children should be seen, not heard'. This is best described as a denial of
- A. Right to Survival, because Bal Sabha provides food
- B. Right to Development, because writing for the wall magazine improves skills
- C. Right to Participation, which includes freedom of expression and taking part in community matters
- D. Right to Protection, because Aarti is being abused
Q4. Child rights are protected in both Part III and Part IV of the Constitution. The provisions in Part IV (Directive Principles of State Policy) such as Article 39(f) and Article 45 differ from a fundamental right because they
- A. Override every fundamental right in Part III
- B. Are non-justiciable directives to the State that guide policy and lawmaking, but are not directly enforceable by a writ petition
- C. Apply only to children in Union Territories
- D. Were repealed by the 86th Amendment in 2002
Q5. The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986 stands alongside Article 39(f) and UNCRC Article 32. The 1986 Act is best described as a law that
- A. Permits children of any age to work for two hours a day in any factory
- B. Defines a child as a person below 14 years and prohibits the employment of children in hazardous occupations and processes while regulating conditions in non-hazardous ones
- C. Bans all forms of paid and unpaid work for persons below 18 years
- D. Has no Indian counterpart because the issue is dealt with only by the UNCRC
Q6. A migrant labourer's 11-year-old son walks into a government upper-primary school in Rampur seeking admission to Class 6. The family has no birth certificate, Aadhaar or transfer certificate. Under the 'Main Features' of the RTE Act, 2009, the school must
- A. Refuse admission until valid documentary age proof is produced
- B. Admit the child only on conditional basis subject to documents being filed within 30 days
- C. Admit the child without insisting on age proof, since RTE specifically bars denial of admission for want of age proof
- D. Send the child to the Block Education Office to first obtain documents
Q7. A Class 8 teacher in a rural Bihar school comes to know that 13-year-old Aarti has been taken away by a relative ostensibly for 'work in a city home', and there is reason to believe she may be trafficked for sexual purposes. Which Act PRIMARILY makes the trafficking of a child for sexual purposes punishable?
- A. Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009
- B. Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986
- C. Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012
- D. Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act
Q8. A new Class 7 teacher in Rampur openly says: 'Children from this slum locality never finish their homework and are not interested in studies — I will plan accordingly.' Considering the teacher's duties and the RTE Act, the best description of this teacher's stand is
- A. It is a sound classroom-management plan, since teachers should adapt to student backgrounds
- B. It is a form of stereotyping marginalised children, and it can become a self-fulfilling prophecy
- C. It is permissible because RTE applies only to admission and not to classroom planning
- D. It is acceptable because it is based on the teacher's own observation
Q9. A primary teacher trainee asks: 'In which year did India adopt the National Policy on Child Labour, and what was its purpose?' The correct answer is
- A. 1974 — to ensure free education to all children below 14
- B. 1986 — to lay down the age at which a child becomes legally competent to enter contracts
- C. 1987 — to give specific policy focus to the problem of child labour, alongside the 1986 Child Labour Act
- D. 2002 — alongside the 86th Constitutional Amendment that inserted Article 21A
Q10. An upper-primary school in rural Bihar blocks its library and free-reading-time for Class 7 girls, saying they should focus on chores at home. The 'right to acquire each and every type of information' falls under which of the four basic rights of the child?
- A. Right to Survival
- B. Right to Development
- C. Right to Participation
- D. Right to Protection
Q11. Consider the following statements about the Indian Penal Code (IPC) age of criminal responsibility: 1. section 82 IPC treats a child below 7 years as incapable of committing an offence. 2. section 83 IPC extends limited protection to a child of 7-12 years if the child has not attained sufficient maturity of understanding. 3. section 83 IPC raises the IPC ceiling to 14 years for ordinary cases. Which of the statements is/are CORRECT?
- A. 1 only
- B. 1 and 2 only
- C. 2 and 3 only
- D. 1, 2 and 3
Q12. Among the landmark education initiatives that built up to the RTE Act, 2009, which of the following is NOT in the chain of initiatives between Indian Independence and the RTE Act?
- A. Operation Blackboard
- B. District Primary Education Programme (DPEP)
- C. Universalisation of Elementary Education (UEE) and Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)
- D. National Education Policy 2020 (NEP-2020)
Q13. The World Health Organization's CAH (Child and Adolescent Health) programme. Which of the following best describes how the CAH programme relates to a Class 7 teacher's work in Rampur?
- A. CAH only certifies private hospitals; it has no link to the school classroom
- B. CAH treats child and adolescent health as a continuum (ages roughly 0-19) so that the teacher's attention to a 12-year-old's nutrition, growth and mental health flows from the same global framework
- C. CAH is a part of the RTE Act, 2009, monitored by the State Education Department
- D. CAH replaces UNICEF in countries that have signed the UNCRC
Q14. Consider the following statements about the monitoring of the RTE Act, 2009: 1. NCPCR, set up in March 2007, monitors the implementation of the RTE Act, 2009. 2. NCPCR also monitors the implementation of the POCSO Act, 2012 under Rule 6 of the POCSO Rules. 3. NHRC (1993) is the statutory body to which RTE Act monitoring was assigned by the 2009 Act. Which of the statements is/are CORRECT?
- A. 1 only
- B. 1 and 2 only
- C. 2 and 3 only
- D. 1, 2 and 3
Q15. A school management committee in rural Bihar declares: 'We will ensure mid-day meals and a clean toilet — that alone fulfils our duty under child rights. What happens in the home or factory after school is not our concern.' Evaluate this stand.
- A. The stand is fully correct — once Right to Survival (food, hygiene) is met, the school has no further duty under the four rights framework
- B. The stand is partly correct on Survival but is INADEQUATE because the four rights of are inter-linked — denying Development (schooling/play), Participation (voice) or Protection (from labour, abuse, harassment) outside school still violates a child's rights, and expressly asks the teacher to identify and report such violations
- C. The stand is wrong only because it misses the Right to Participation; all other rights are home-domain rights
- D. The stand is wrong only because mid-day meals are a state-government scheme and not part of child rights
Q16. A trainee teacher argues that 'a child means anyone below 18' is a fixed, universal rule with no exceptions anywhere. Using the UDHR and the UNCRC, which correction is MOST accurate?
- A. Neither document defines a child by age at all
- B. The UDHR fixes 21 years as the only valid age of a child
- C. Both UDHR and UNCRC fix childhood rigidly at below 14 years
- D. The UNCRC says below 18 'unless majority is attained earlier' under a State's own law, so 18 is the ceiling, not an unconditional rule
Q17. In a single complaint a 16-year-old victim is involved. The defence claims POCSO does not apply because she is 'almost an adult'. On the POCSO age definition, which conclusion is correct?
- A. POCSO does not apply — its child age is below 14 years only
- B. POCSO applies — it defines a child as anyone below 18 years, so 16 is covered
- C. POCSO applies only if the victim is below 12 years
- D. POCSO sets no age and depends entirely on the IPC
Q18. After surveying many conflicting legal ages, one working age limit for 'a child' is generally adopted for discussion. Which age is recommended for adoption?
- A. Below 7 years, following IPC §82
- B. Below 18 years, following the JJ Act
- C. Below 14 years
- D. Below 21 years, following the UDHR
Q19. A Class 6 boy collapses with high fever; the warden delays calling a doctor for two days saying 'it will pass'. Under the four-rights grouping, the denial of timely medical treatment is primarily a violation of which right?
- A. Right to Participation
- B. Right to Education only
- C. Right to Development
- D. Right to Survival
Q20. A school abolishes all games periods and recess for Class 8, replacing them with extra coaching, calling play 'a waste of exam time'. On the grouping of basic rights, this most directly denies a component of which right?
- A. Right to Protection
- B. Right to Survival
- C. Right to Development
- D. Right to Participation
Q21. A parent claims free elementary education is only a 'directive principle' the State may ignore. Using Article 21A, which response is correct?
- A. Article 21A made free and compulsory education a Fundamental Right for children aged 6-14, so it is enforceable, not merely directive
- B. Article 21A is part of the Directive Principles and cannot be enforced in court
- C. Article 21A covers only children below 6 years
- D. Article 21A applies only to private unaided schools
Q22. In the post-Independence welfare machinery for children, the Central Social Welfare Board is credited chiefly with promoting which grassroots structures?
- A. Stock exchanges and trade unions
- B. Balwadis and Mahila Mandals
- C. Special courts under POCSO
- D. State Human Rights Commissions
Q23. In the timeline of administrative measures for child welfare, a dedicated Department of Social Security was created. In which month and year was it established?
- A. October 1993
- B. August 1947
- C. April 2010
- D. June 1964
Q24. 1979 was observed as a landmark year for children worldwide, prompting renewed national attention in India. 1979 was declared by the UN as the
- A. International Year of the Child
- B. International Year of Peace
- C. International Year of the Family
- D. International Literacy Year
Q25. A quiz claims the RTE Act 'came into force on the same day Parliament passed it'. Using the two distinct dates, identify the date Parliament PASSED the RTE Act.
- A. 26 January 1950
- B. 1 April 2010
- C. 4 August 2009
- D. 20 November 1989
Q26. A government school admits a child free of tuition but demands separate charges for compulsory uniform, textbooks and a 'building fund', threatening to strike off the name on non-payment. Under the RTE meaning of 'free education', this is
- A. Permissible, because only tuition fee is covered by 'free'
- B. A violation, because 'free' bars any direct or indirect charge that prevents a child from pursuing elementary education
- C. Permissible if parents earn above the poverty line
- D. Allowed only for the building fund, not uniforms
Q27. A teacher discovers a Class 7 boy working off his father's loan at a brick kiln, unable to leave until the debt clears. Among the protective statutes, which one most directly addresses this debt-bondage arrangement?
- A. The Indian Penal Code §82
- B. The Child Marriage Restraint Act
- C. The Right to Education Act, 2009
- D. The Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act
Q28. Juvenile-justice legislation moved from an earlier 1986 Act to a later comprehensive Act. The later Act — the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000 — treats a juvenile as a person below which age?
- A. Below 14 years
- B. Below 16 years
- C. Below 18 years
- D. Below 21 years
Q29. There are two distinct milestone years for the UNCRC. A student confuses them and says it was 'adopted and signed in the same year, 1989'. Which correction is right?
- A. It was adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1989 and came into force / was signed as an international convention in 1990
- B. It was both adopted and signed in 1990
- C. It was adopted in 1946 alongside UNICEF
- D. It was adopted in 2007 with the NCPCR
Q30. UNICEF's present-day mandate and reach. Which statement best matches the unit's account of UNICEF?
- A. It operates only within India as a national body
- B. It works in around 150 countries focusing on young children's survival and development
- C. It is a court that tries juvenile offenders
- D. It replaced the NCPCR after 2007

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