The Parliamentary System: Legislature and Executive — Hard

Q1. Consider the following statements about the three organs of the Indian government. Statement I: The Legislature makes laws; the Executive enforces them; the Judiciary interprets them. Statement II: All three organs derive their powers from the Constitution. Which of the above is/are correct?

• A. Statement I only
• B. Statement II only
• C. Both Statement I and Statement II
• D. Neither Statement I nor Statement II

Q2. Which of the following functions of the President of India is/are? I. Appoints the Prime Minister and other ministers II. Summons the Parliament III. Gives assent to bills IV. Hears appeals against High Court judgments

• A. I and II only
• B. I, II and III only
• C. II, III and IV only
• D. I, III and IV only

Q3. Arrange the following stages from the 'bill to act' chart in correct chronological order: A. Presidential assent B. Vote on the Bill C. Gazette notification D. Process repeated in other House

• A. A → B → C → D
• B. B → D → A → C
• C. D → B → A → C
• D. B → A → D → C

Q4. Assertion (A): The Judiciary can check that laws passed by Parliament have not violated the Constitutional framework. Reason (R): Such checks ensure that no single organ — Legislature, Executive or Judiciary — becomes too powerful.

• A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
• B. Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
• C. A is true, R is false.
• D. A is false, R is true.

Q5. Which of the following statements about the three lists is NOT correct?

• A. The Union List contains subjects on which only the Union government can legislate exclusively.
• B. The State List contains subjects on which only the State government can legislate exclusively.
• C. The Concurrent List contains subjects on which both the Union and State can legislate, and Union law prevails.
• D. The Concurrent List contains subjects on which neither the Union nor the State can legislate.

Q6. Match Column A with Column B based on the table A1. Constitutional Head of State A2. De facto executive authority at the Centre A3. Constitutional Head of a State A4. De facto executive authority of a State B1. Prime Minister B2. Governor B3. President B4. Chief Minister

• A. A1-B3, A2-B1, A3-B2, A4-B4
• B. A1-B1, A2-B3, A3-B4, A4-B2
• C. A1-B3, A2-B4, A3-B2, A4-B1
• D. A1-B2, A2-B1, A3-B3, A4-B4

Q7. Assertion (A): The President appoints the leader of the majority party or coalition in the Lok Sabha as the Prime Minister. Reason (R): The Prime Minister serves with the support of the majority of the MPs in the Lok Sabha.

• A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
• B. Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
• C. A is true, R is false.
• D. A is false, R is true.

Q8. Consider the following statements about civil servants. I. They are a permanent group of officials, sometimes called administrators or bureaucrats. II. They help in implementing laws and policies. III. They work under the direction of ministers. IV. They are directly elected by the people of India.

• A. I, II and III only
• B. II and IV only
• C. I, III and IV only
• D. I, II, III and IV

Q9. Simultaneous interpretation was previously available in 12 languages, and six more — Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, Manipuri, Urdu and Sanskrit — were added recently. What is the new total of languages, and what does this addition primarily reflect?

• A. Total 18 languages; it makes Parliamentary discussions accessible to more linguistic communities
• B. Total 22 languages; it follows the Eighth Schedule mechanically
• C. Total 14 languages; it adds only constitutionally recognised languages
• D. Total 12 languages; the older list was replaced, not expanded

Q10. Statement A: The Parliament approves and monitors government expenditure through the annual budget. Statement B: The Parliament also examines the distribution of funds to different ministries. With reference to, which option is correct?

• A. Only Statement A is correct
• B. Only Statement B is correct
• C. Both Statement A and Statement B are correct, together describing Financial Accountability
• D. Neither statement describes a function of Parliament

Q11. The first Lok Sabha was constituted in 1952 and the 18th Lok Sabha in June 2024. How many Lok Sabhas had been completed BEFORE the 18th one was constituted?

• A. 16
• B. 17
• C. 18
• D. 19

Q12. Based on the table which of the following is correct about Money Bills at the Union and State levels?

• A. Money bills originate only in Lok Sabha at the Centre, and only in Vidhan Sabha at the State
• B. Money bills can originate in either House of Parliament, and in either House of the State legislature
• C. Money bills originate only in Rajya Sabha at the Centre, and in Vidhan Parishad at the State
• D. Money bills originate only in joint sittings of both Houses at the Centre and the State

Q13. Match the function (Column A) with the organ that performs it according to the table (Column B): A1. Sanctions all government-related expenses A2. Prepares and implements the budget approved by Parliament A3. Keeps a check on the activities of the Executive by asking questions A4. Aids and advises the President on important matters B1. Legislature B2. Executive

• A. A1-B1, A2-B2, A3-B1, A4-B2
• B. A1-B2, A2-B1, A3-B2, A4-B1
• C. A1-B1, A2-B1, A3-B2, A4-B2
• D. A1-B2, A2-B2, A3-B1, A4-B1

Q14. Former Rajya Sabha chairman M. Venkaiah Naidu (2021): 'During the year 2018, the Rajya Sabha recorded the lowest ever productivity of 35.75% under the impact of disruptions.' Which conclusion BEST follows from this statement?

• A. The Rajya Sabha functioned for only about a third of its scheduled time in 2018, weakening its role as a Council of States
• B. The Rajya Sabha was suspended for 35.75% of the year 2018
• C. The Lok Sabha completely stopped working in 2018 because of the Rajya Sabha
• D. Rajya Sabha members worked overtime in 2018

Q15. Priya argues that 'the Governor runs the state government because the Governor is appointed by the President.' Using, which option BEST corrects her statement?

• A. Priya is fully correct; the Governor runs the state government on the President's behalf
• B. The Governor is the nominal head of the state; the Chief Minister, leader of the majority party in the Vidhan Sabha, is the de facto executive authority who runs the state
• C. The Chief Justice of the state High Court runs the state government
• D. The state Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Governor, not to the Vidhan Sabha