Methods of Studying Children and Adolescents — Hard

Q1. Read the two statements about classroom research and choose the correct option. Statement A: The findings of classroom research can be directly generalised to all primary schools in India because the conditions are similar. Statement B: Classroom research is context-specific — the relevance and applicability of findings depend on the particular classroom in which the research was conducted.

• A. Both A and B are correct.
• B. A is correct; B is incorrect.
• C. A is incorrect; B is correct.
• D. Both A and B are incorrect.

Q2. Which of the following statements about the origin of 'Action Research' is NOT correct?

• A. Kurt Lewin first used the term in 1946.
• B. He used the term in his paper titled 'Action Research and Minority Problems'.
• C. Action research is also called participatory research, collaborative inquiry and emancipatory research.
• D. Jean Piaget coined the term while developing his stages of cognitive development.

Q3. After Anita identifies that her Class IX students lack thinking skills, she decides to teach the chapter 'Gender Inequality' in a way that fosters critical reflection, and prepares a detailed plan with materials. In the eight-step action-research process, this is BEST described as

• A. Step 1 — Identifying the problem.
• B. Step 2 — Devising a plan of action.
• C. Step 4 — Data collection.
• D. Step 5 — Analysis of data.

Q4. A Class V teacher in Rampur uses role-play and drama to help children build empathy and respect for differently-abled peers. Under which 'use' of action research listed in the unit does this best fit?

• A. Teaching methods — trying an innovative method.
• B. Learning strategies — encouraging cooperative learning.
• C. Attitudes and values — life-skills education through drama or role plays.
• D. Evaluative procedures — open-book testing.

Q5. Assertion (A): In Step 3 of action research, Anita divides her class into three groups and gives one group only the text, one group a hand-out, and one group a power-point and lets each group make a presentation. Reason (R): Selecting a course of action means trying out the plan in practice so that effects on student learning can be observed across the alternatives chosen. Choose the correct option.

• A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
• B. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
• C. A is true, R is false.
• D. A is false, R is true.

Q6. A case-study report on a primary-school child should contain five elements. Which of the following sequences correctly orders them as listed in the material?

• A. Status report → Overview/analysis → Introduction → Appendices → Suggestions for remediation.
• B. Introduction → Overview/analysis → Status report → Suggestions for remediation → Appendices.
• C. Suggestions for remediation → Status report → Introduction → Appendices → Overview/analysis.
• D. Appendices → Introduction → Status report → Overview/analysis → Suggestions for remediation.

Q7. Ms Anjali, Class III teacher in rural Bihar, plans a case study of Priya who has suddenly become withdrawn. Per the 'Suggestions for conducting a good case study' in the material, which of the following actions is LEAST consistent with the material's advice?

• A. Build rapport with Priya through casual conversations before formal data collection.
• B. Take written permission from Priya's parents and class teacher.
• C. Collect information from many sources — parents, peers, previous teachers and health records.
• D. Decide and apply remedial measures by herself without discussing with any mentor.

Q8. While preparing a case study of a Class IV child, the teacher records the child's IQ-test report, sociometric status in the peer group, and emotional adjustment in school. Per the material, this set of information falls under

• A. Family background data.
• B. Health record data.
• C. Educational data.
• D. Psychological and social data.

Q9. A teacher wants to know how secondary-school students develop genuine interest in a subject. She sits with them in their study groups, joins their discussions, shares informal lunch breaks and builds a direct relationship with them over four weeks. This is BEST described as

• A. Controlled observation, because the time of observation is fixed.
• B. Natural observation, because the setting is not artificial.
• C. Participant observation, because the observer establishes a direct relationship with the participants.
• D. Reflective observation, because the observer reflects on her own teaching.

Q10. Statement A: Observation as a research tool yields direct, firsthand evidence about a child's behaviour in the natural setting. Statement B: Observation requires only the recording of behaviour; the observer should not analyse or pass judgement based on what is seen. Choose the correct option.

• A. Both A and B are correct.
• B. A is correct; B is incorrect.
• C. A is incorrect; B is correct.
• D. Both A and B are incorrect.

Q11. The unstructured interview is BEST recommended when

• A. The researcher is a beginner and has very little knowledge of the topic.
• B. The researcher has developed enough experience and in-depth understanding of the topic and is open to revising the agenda based on the respondents.
• C. A large sample of children has to be covered quickly at low cost.
• D. Identical numerical responses are required for statistical comparison.

Q12. Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of self-report methods?

• A. Participants may not be honest.
• B. Response rate of mailed questionnaires is very low.
• C. Questions may guide the respondent to give a particular reply.
• D. The respondents are forced to describe somebody else's experience rather than their own.

Q13. A Class V teacher asks each child at the end of every science lesson to note in a small notebook what was new, what was confusing, and one question they still have. She uses these notebooks to plan the next lesson. This tool is BEST described as

• A. Cumulative record card.
• B. Anecdotal record.
• C. Reflective journal.
• D. Structured questionnaire.

Q14. Statement A: The Cumulative Record Card includes only the academic marks and the percentages obtained by the child year after year. Statement B: The Cumulative Record Card includes personal data, academic data, health data, co-curricular data, personality characteristics and record of counselling and guidance. Choose the correct option.

• A. Both A and B are correct.
• B. A is correct; B is incorrect.
• C. A is incorrect; B is correct.
• D. Both A and B are incorrect.

Q15. On 12th October, in the school assembly, Class V student Rohan voluntarily helps a younger child who has fallen. His teacher writes: 'Date 12 Oct, assembly, Rohan helped a younger child after a fall; lifted him gently and walked him to the medical room.' This is BEST described as

• A. A reflective journal entry, because the teacher reflected on Rohan's behaviour.
• B. An anecdotal record, because it records a significant episode showing Rohan's character without judgmental words.
• C. A cumulative record entry, because it adds to the child's long-term file.
• D. A structured-interview transcript, because the teacher noted what she observed.