Development of Self — Hard

Q1. Consider the following statements about self-concept: (i) A favourable self-concept makes a child confident and willing to try new tasks. (ii) An unfavourable self-concept tends to make a child hesitant, withdrawn or aggressive. (iii) Self-concept, once formed in infancy, cannot be altered by school experiences. (iv) Acceptance, Affection and Achievement support a favourable self-concept. Which of the statements is/are CORRECT?

• A. (i) and (iii) only
• B. (ii) and (iii) only
• C. (i), (ii) and (iv) only
• D. (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)

Q2. Assertion (A): A class 3 teacher who gives stickers, stars and chocolates for every correct answer eventually finds her students unwilling to attempt a problem without a reward. Reason (R): Excessive extrinsic rewards undermine the child's intrinsic interest and shift the value of the activity from learning itself to the external prize. Choose the correct option

• A. Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
• B. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A)
• C. (A) is true but (R) is false
• D. (A) is false but (R) is true

Q3. Which of the following is NOT correctly stated about moral development in early childhood?

• A. Babies are neither moral nor immoral at the time of birth.
• B. Reward and punishment are early mechanisms through which children learn right and wrong.
• C. The level of moral development is generally low in early childhood.
• D. Children below five years already possess fully developed moral reasoning and abstract ethical principles.

Q4. Meena, a class 2 student in a Bhopal school, struggles with a Maths Mela puzzle. She tries it, fails, takes a small break, comes back, tries another strategy, and finally solves it. According to the unit's indicators of motivation, Meena's behaviour BEST illustrates

• A. low motivation, as she failed in her first attempt
• B. extrinsic motivation only, since she had no immediate reward
• C. high motivation through persistence — staying with the task until it is solved
• D. physical fatigue caused by the puzzle

Q5. In a class 4 in Rampur, the teacher gives Aman, who reads fluently, a longer story to read; gives Sara, who is still decoding, a phonics worksheet; and gives Rahul, who learns through pictures, a picture-based comprehension task — all on the same theme. This BEST illustrates which of the five effective teacher attitudes?

• A. Demonstrating caring and kindness
• B. Sharing responsibility
• C. Sensitively accepting diversity
• D. Fostering individualised instruction

Q6. The unit notes that an untreated squint in a young child can permanently affect vision in the affected eye. The MOST important reason given is

• A. older children dislike wearing spectacles
• B. there is a critical period for the development of perception, and missing it has lasting effects
• C. perception is purely genetic and cannot be corrected later
• D. school admission requires both eyes to be equally strong

Q7. Ramesh, a class 3 student, has been frequently ill since infancy and often misses school. According to the unit's 'physical condition' factor, the MOST likely impact on his self-concept is that he

• A. automatically develops a strong, confident self-concept
• B. develops feelings of inadequacy because poor health limits energy, participation and achievement
• C. is unaffected because physical health and self-concept are unrelated
• D. develops a permanent disability irrespective of treatment

Q8. Match the following teacher behaviours (List I) with the attitude consequence the unit predicts (List II): List I: (a) Teacher consistently shows warmth and respect to every child (b) Teacher uses sarcasm and ridicule frequently (c) Teacher gives accurate information about a child with disability List II: (p) Negative feelings — disintegration in the group (q) Positive feelings — unite and integrate the class (r) Existing low-knowledge attitudes change Choose the correct match

• A. (a)-q, (b)-p, (c)-r
• B. (a)-p, (b)-q, (c)-r
• C. (a)-r, (b)-q, (c)-p
• D. (a)-q, (b)-r, (c)-p

Q9. Why, according to Vygotsky as quoted in the unit, does a five-year-old who plays board-games with a slightly older sibling tend to improve faster than one who plays alone?

• A. the older sibling lets the younger one win every time
• B. the more advanced partner stretches the child into the zone of proximal development, where new skills emerge with support
• C. older siblings carry more genetic advantages
• D. playing alone always damages a young child's confidence

Q10. Which of the following statements about the period 5 to 12 years (primary school years) is consistent with the unit's account of moral development?

• A. Children at this age make no further changes to their moral ideas.
• B. Children begin to modify their inherited sense of right and wrong on the basis of family, peer and school experiences.
• C. Children at this age think exactly like adolescents do about moral dilemmas.
• D. Punishment alone, with no explanation, is enough to fix lifelong moral values.

Q11. Vikas is weak at handwriting but good at oral storytelling. Following the unit's guidance on the teacher's role in self-concept and motivation, the teacher should

• A. ask him to write the same line a hundred times till his writing improves
• B. build on his oral storytelling strength while also gently supporting handwriting
• C. compare his handwriting publicly with the best writer in the class
• D. give him no work until his handwriting becomes neat

Q12. Asha Ma'am asks her class 3 students, 'What do you think will happen if we keep this ice cube in the sun?' before doing the experiment. According to the unit, this teacher behaviour MOST directly enhances motivation by

• A. increasing the noise level so children stay alert
• B. treating children as thinkers, which builds their sense of competence and intrinsic interest
• C. saving the teacher's time during the lesson
• D. delaying the experiment so children get bored and then concentrate

Q13. In many Indian households, a boy is given preference at meals, schooling and outdoor freedom over his sister. Using the unit's 'gender' factor, the MOST likely effect on the girl's self-concept is that she may

• A. develop a more favourable self-concept than her brother
• B. internalise the message that she is less valued and develop an unfavourable self-concept
• C. remain unaffected, as gender does not influence self-concept
• D. automatically become a high achiever to compensate for the difference

Q14. Which of the following is the BEST inference from the unit's claim that 'attitudes, once formed, are persistent and difficult to change'?

• A. Teachers should ignore students' attitudes because they never change.
• B. Early childhood is a particularly important time to help children form healthy attitudes, since changing them later is harder.
• C. Attitudes are exactly the same as habits.
• D. Punishment is the most reliable way to change a deeply held attitude.

Q15. A class 1 teacher in Patna starts the year with very short, easy reading tasks that almost every child can finish, then slowly raises the difficulty. According to the unit's account of developing motivation, this practice works because

• A. early success builds the confidence to persist with harder tasks later
• B. easy tasks save the teacher's effort throughout the year
• C. young children are incapable of any challenge in class 1
• D. the syllabus instructs that no real teaching should happen in class 1