Learning in Various Contexts — Hard

Q1. Statement A: In a traditional lecture, the learner who only listens quietly and copies notes is, in the material terms, a passive listener. Statement B: A learner becomes active the moment she does something physical or mental and reflects on what she has done. Which is correct?

• A. Only A is correct
• B. Only B is correct
• C. Both A and B are correct
• D. Neither A nor B is correct

Q2. Mr. Imran, a Class 5 teacher in Aligarh, asks his pupils to keep their notebooks closed and listen carefully for the first fifteen minutes; immediately after, they are asked to write down everything they remember in their own words, and then compare their notes in pairs. Reading this through the material, this technique is BEST identified as

• A. Pausing technique of Rowe
• B. Guided lecture — listen-then-write
• C. Bobo-doll observational modelling
• D. Fishbowl debate

Q3. Assertion (A): the material lists cooperative learning among the strategies that promote active learning at primary level. Reason (R): When learners work in small groups on a shared task, they not only learn the content but also pick up social skills such as listening, turn-taking and helping the slower learner. Choose the correct option

• A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
• B. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
• C. A is true but R is false
• D. A is false but R is true

Q4. Ms. Lata of Class 5 in Nagpur gives her children a short real-life case — 'a village has very little drinking water in summer; what should the panchayat do?' — and asks them in groups to define the problem, list reasons, suggest solutions and pick the best. the material would BEST classify her strategy as

• A. Case study used for problem-solving teaching
• B. Pausing technique
• C. Bandura's modelling without participation
• D. Drama and role play

Q5. the material quotes Creed (1986) — 'the lecture has been a tradition for hundreds of years and seems unlikely to disappear from the classroom in the near future' — to explain which point about active learning?

• A. That lecture should never be used in primary school.
• B. That despite its limits the lecture is deeply entrenched, and therefore active-learning techniques are best designed to MODIFY the lecture rather than abolish it.
• C. That lecture is the only method through which children can ever learn.
• D. That active learning was first invented by Creed in 1986.

Q6. Per Bandura, the second element of observational learning — Retention — is BEST strengthened in a primary classroom by

• A. Asking the child to forget the demonstration after one viewing
• B. Repeating the demonstration, encouraging mental rehearsal and short practice, so a clear image of the action is stored in memory
• C. Showing the demonstration only at the end of the year
• D. Banning practice and rehearsal of the modelled act

Q7. A Class 4 teacher wants children to learn responsible road-crossing through observational learning. According to the material, the SINGLE most important condition for the lesson to succeed is

• A. That the children should each cross the road alone first
• B. That the model the children observe should itself be appropriate — clearly correct, age-relevant and worth imitating
• C. That the demonstration should be shown only on television, never live
• D. That the lesson should run for at least three months

Q8. In a Class 3 class in Rampur, the teacher publicly appreciates Asha for completing her work neatly and on time. The next week, several other children begin to take more care over their work. the material would explain this BEST as

• A. Classical conditioning of the children to the bell
• B. Vicarious reinforcement — peers observed Asha being rewarded and imitated her behaviour
• C. Punishment-based behaviour modification
• D. Discovery learning through accidental exposure

Q9. Assertion (A): In Lave and Wenger's situated learning, a newcomer's role in a community of practice is described as 'legitimate peripheral participation'. Reason (R): The newcomer is given a real but small task on the edge of the practice so that, by genuine participation, she gradually moves towards full competence. Choose the correct option

• A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
• B. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
• C. A is true but R is false
• D. A is false but R is true

Q10. Which of the following is NOT a correct claim of situated learning?

• A. Knowledge is created socially through participation in a community of practice.
• B. Learning is shaped by the situation in which it happens (Wilson and Myers, 2000).
• C. The context, content, community and participation are integral components.
• D. Knowledge is a finished object that the teacher transfers, untouched, into the learner's head.

Q11. Sahil, a Class 3 child in Bareilly, can solve single-digit addition alone but cannot yet solve two-digit addition with carry. When his teacher works through one example with him, breaks it into small steps and gradually withdraws help as he gains confidence, the teacher is BEST said to be

• A. ignoring Sahil's actual level of development.
• B. providing scaffolding within Sahil's Zone of Proximal Development.
• C. using Bandura's pause technique.
• D. applying Resnick's life-deep learning.

Q12. Statement A: the material holds that collaborative learning is essentially a philosophy of interaction — the whole group works together on the same problem. Statement B: Cooperative learning is more a structure of interaction — different members are given responsibility for different aspects, and the parts are then put together. Which is correct?

• A. Only A is correct
• B. Only B is correct
• C. Both A and B are correct
• D. Neither A nor B is correct

Q13. Ms. Farah of Class 5 first gives an individual quiz on the chapter; then re-groups the same items into a team quiz where four-member teams must reach consensus and submit one answer-sheet; finally she discusses both scores in class. the material (after Michaelsen, 2000) calls this

• A. Catch Up
• B. Team-Based Learning (TBL)
• C. Fishbowl Debate
• D. Bobo-doll modelling

Q14. Resnick (1987), as summarised in the material, observes that learning IN school relies on individual cognition, whereas learning OUT of school typically involves

• A. Even more individual silence than the classroom
• B. Shared cognition — thinking with other people and with tools, as on a workshop floor or in a kitchen
• C. Pure rote memorisation
• D. Only solo competitive examinations

Q15. A migrant child from Bihar joins a Class 4 in Pune and learns within weeks to switch between Bhojpuri at home, Hindi with friends and simple Marathi in the market, adjusting her dress and greetings to each setting. Per Banks et al. (1997/2007) as cited in the material, this BEST illustrates

• A. Life-long learning — curiosity that goes from birth to death
• B. Life-wide learning — adjustment to different time, place and situation
• C. Life-deep learning — religion, morality and ethics
• D. Pure school intelligence as defined by Resnick