Hard

Child Rights and Legislation — Hard

15 questions 18 min PYQ-grade reasoning

Q1. Consider the following two statements about the age of a 'child' across Indian laws: Assertion (A): In India, different laws define a 'child' using different age cut-offs. Reason (R): The age limit varies because each law is framed for a distinct purpose — criminal responsibility, education, labour or care-and-protection — rather than a uniform welfare definition. Choose the correct option
- A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
- B. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
- C. A is true but R is false
- D. A is false but R is true
Q2. 13-year-old Aswathy is forced into begging by her family, is never sent to school, is malnourished, and is beaten if she refuses. Looking at the four basic rights of the child, which of the following is the best diagnosis?
- A. Only the Right to Education under RTE has been violated
- B. Right to Survival, Right to Development and Right to Protection have all been violated; Right to Participation is the only one not directly engaged
- C. Only the Right to Protection (POCSO) has been violated as the case is about abuse
- D. All four rights — Survival, Development, Participation and Protection — are violated equally
Q3. An upper-primary school in rural Bihar holds back a Class 7 student in the same class because her annual marks are low. Looking at the 'Main Features' of the RTE Act, 2009, which of the following best describes the school's action?
- A. It is a valid academic decision because RTE only protects admission, not promotion
- B. It violates the RTE feature of 'no detention up to elementary level', which mandates continuous promotion in classes I-VIII
- C. It is permitted because the original 2009 Act allows detention from Class 6 onwards
- D. It is allowed only if the child is older than 14 years
Q4. Match the UNCRC Article relevant for upper-primary teachers with what it protects: ① Article 19 (i) Right to free primary education ② Article 28 (ii) Protection from all forms of violence ③ Article 32 (iii) Protection from sexual exploitation ④ Article 34 (iv) Protection from economic exploitation
- A. ①-(ii), ②-(i), ③-(iv), ④-(iii)
- B. ①-(iii), ②-(ii), ③-(i), ④-(iv)
- C. ①-(i), ②-(ii), ③-(iii), ④-(iv)
- D. ①-(iv), ②-(iii), ③-(ii), ④-(i)
Q5. Consider the following statements about the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC): 1. NHRC was constituted on 12 October 1993. 2. It is a statutory body under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. 3. It was set up specifically to monitor implementation of the POCSO Act. Which of the statements is/are CORRECT?
- A. 1 and 2 only
- B. 2 and 3 only
- C. 1 and 3 only
- D. 1, 2 and 3
Q6. Which of the following pairs of (policy / year) in India's child-policy timeline is INCORRECTLY matched?
- A. National Policy on Children — 1974
- B. Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) — 1975
- C. National Policy on Child Labour — 1987
- D. Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act — 1986
Q7. The Child Marriage Restraint Act was originally enacted in 1929 and was later amended in
- A. 1956
- B. 1975
- C. 1986
- D. 2006
Q8. A Class 8 teacher in Rampur slaps a 13-year-old boy for not completing his homework and calls him 'fool' in front of the class. Which of the following best describes the legal position?
- A. Permitted, as slapping is a normal classroom discipline tool under Indian tradition
- B. Violates only POCSO, as POCSO covers all teacher-student physical contact
- C. Violates the RTE Act, 2009, which explicitly prohibits 'physical punishment and mental harassment' to children
- D. Permitted, as RTE applies only to admission and 25 per cent reservation, not to classroom conduct
Q9. Consider the following statements about UNICEF: 1. It was formed in 1946 to provide emergency food and healthcare to children after World War II. 2. It became a permanent division of the United Nations system in 1953. 3. It currently works in more than 150 countries on the survival and development of young children. Which of the statements is/are CORRECT?
- A. 1 and 2 only
- B. 2 and 3 only
- C. 1 and 3 only
- D. 1, 2 and 3
Q10. Regarding the relationship between the UNCRC age of 18 and national laws, which of the following statements is NOT correct?
- A. UNCRC Article 1 defines a child as any human being below 18 years of age
- B. Each country is permitted by international convention to set an age of majority younger than 18 in its national law
- C. India's Article 21A and Child Labour Act 1986 use 14 years — a younger ceiling than the UNCRC
- D. Once a country signs the UNCRC, it is bound to use 18 years uniformly for every domestic law dealing with children
Q11. A Class 7 teacher in rural Bihar notices that a 12-year-old girl, Aarti, has bruises on her arm and avoids eye contact. In a one-to-one conversation Aarti reveals that her neighbour has been touching her inappropriately. Considering the teacher's role alongside the POCSO Act 2012, the FIRST and MOST APPROPRIATE action of the teacher is to
- A. Ignore the report as it is a family matter outside the school's domain
- B. Discuss the matter in the next staff meeting after two weeks
- C. Report the matter to the school authority/NCPCR cell so it is taken to the police/legal services, while ensuring the child feels safe and supported
- D. Confront the neighbour directly on behalf of the child
Q12. Arrange the following post-Independence milestones for children in the CORRECT chronological order: 1. First Five-Year Plan emphasising child welfare 2. Department of Social Security set up 3. National Policy on Children 4. International Year of the Child observed in India
- A. 1 → 2 → 3 → 4
- B. 2 → 1 → 4 → 3
- C. 3 → 1 → 2 → 4
- D. 1 → 3 → 2 → 4
Q13. Consider the following statements about the relationship between Article 21A of the Constitution and the RTE Act, 2009: Assertion (A): The RTE Act, 2009 operationalises Article 21A of the Constitution. Reason (R): Article 21A makes free and compulsory education for children of 6-14 years a fundamental right, but a fundamental right needs an enabling statute to spell out duties of the State, schools and parents. Choose the correct option
- A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
- B. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
- C. A is true but R is false
- D. A is false but R is true
Q14. The four basic rights of a child are Survival, Development, Participation and Protection. The origin of this four-fold grouping is
- A. The Indian Constitution, Part III (Fundamental Rights)
- B. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC)
- C. The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000
- D. The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012
Q15. Among the roles of an upper-primary teacher in protecting child rights, which of the following classroom practices is NOT recommended?
- A. Creating a safe and supportive learning environment so children can express themselves freely
- B. Stereotyping children from marginalised contexts in order to manage the classroom efficiently
- C. Using positive reinforcement instead of corporal punishment so the self-esteem of the child improves
- D. Identifying signs of abuse in children and reporting violations to higher authority

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