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Q1. The maturational viewpoint is also called the 'normative approach' because it
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Q2. A class 6 teacher refuses to begin algebra with a 'late-blooming' student and says, 'his brain is not yet ready — pushing him will not help.' Which view of 'readiness' is she using and how should it be evaluated?
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Q3. Two infant responses inside Ainsworth's Strange Situation: 'stranger anxiety' and 'separation anxiety'. These respectively occur when the infant
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Q4. A class 7 girl in a school in rural Bihar clings tightly to the teacher, becomes panicky if the teacher even briefly steps out, is pampered by other teachers, and frequently quarrels with her parents at home. This pattern best matches
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Q5. Baltes' SOC model is illustrated with an aging classical musician who (a) decides to perform FEWER pieces, (b) practises each piece MORE, and (c) sings the high notes in a LOWER key. Match the three actions with selection, optimization and compensation respectively
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Q6. Per Table 5.3, the life-span perspective treats development as 'multi-causal'. This means a class 7 student's progress is best understood as the product of
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Q7. Research shows that older adults who keep playing chess, debating and reading actively are LESS likely to develop Alzheimer's. This evidence MOST strongly supports the life-span principle that
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Q8. Thara teaches Class 6 at a rural junior high school where most students are first-generation school-goers. Using Bronfenbrenner's bioecological lens she should plan her lessons by
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Q9. In his later writings Bronfenbrenner renamed his 'ecological' model the 'BIO-ecological' model in order to
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Q10. The bioecological model is likened to a SPIDER's WEB. The point of this metaphor is that
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Q11. The Piagetian stage from BIRTH to 2 YEARS, in which the infant uses senses and motor abilities to understand the world, is the
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Q12. An upper-primary teacher coaches her class to (i) underline key terms while reading, (ii) make a one-page summary, and (iii) practise past questions before an exam. Per the information-processing approach, these three steps train students in
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Q13. Evaluate the following claim: 'Because the information-processing approach treats the mind like a computer and focuses on encoding, storage and retrieval, it is the COMPLETE theory of cognitive development; teachers need not study Vygotsky or Bronfenbrenner.' This claim is
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Q14. Vygotsky calls language, mathematical systems and memory aids 'tools of thought' because they
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Q15. Three-and-a-half-year-old Nitha can dress herself, comb her hair and tie her shoelaces. A teacher who says 'her brain and body have matured to the point where these self-care motor tasks are now possible' is using which perspective; and a teacher who says 'her family has patiently shown her each step and let her practise' is using which?
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Q16. A school argues that pre-primary classes should exist so children can mature before formal schooling. The maturational viewpoint was historically responsible for
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Q17. Two explanations of a child's aggression are offered: (X) aggression has biological and evolutionary roots tied to survival, and (Y) aggression springs from unconscious instinctual drives. X and Y respectively belong to which views?
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Q18. Sneha, sent to a boarding school and made to feel an 'unwanted child', grows insecure and struggles to trust her teachers. Such a case MAINLY shows that
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Q19. Evaluate: 'A teacher who builds warm, dependable relationships with class 8 students is wasting time, because by adolescence attachment no longer affects identity or self-esteem.' This claim is
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Q20. A teacher tracks a class 7 student's height, reasoning skills AND friendships together rather than marks alone. Per Table 5.3, treating development as having physical, cognitive and psychosocial dimensions reflects which life-span principle?
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Q21. Per Table 5.3, the life-span perspective is described as 'multi-disciplinary'. This means understanding a child's development draws on
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Q22. Drawing on the life-span perspective's educational implications, open and distance learning is favoured chiefly because it
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Q23. To curb child alcohol use, the state raises the legal drinking age and runs campaigns lowering society's tolerance of drinking. In Bronfenbrenner's model this intervention operates at which level, and why?
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Q24. Evaluate: 'A class 6 boy is failing only because he is lazy.' A teacher trained in Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model would judge this single-cause explanation as
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Q25. The Madras High Court directs that schools and colleges must not be within 100 metres of liquor outlets. A child never enters a courtroom, yet the ruling affects her. In Bronfenbrenner's model this sits in the
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Q26. A 4-year-old uses words and numbers but cannot yet see a situation from another person's point of view and is easily fooled by appearances. Per Table 5.4, this is the preoperational stage, which spans
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Q27. Asked how raindrops look: 3-year-old Faizal says 'like tears'; 11-year-old Amina reasons about size and shape; graduate Bushra discusses surface tension and air resistance. This trio MAINLY demonstrates that
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Q28. Developmental cognitive neuroscience studies the link between cognitive development and brain activity. One of its two guiding principles is that
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Q29. An upper-primary teacher seats class 7 students in mixed-ability groups to build a project together, holding that knowledge is constructed through social interaction. This is a collaborative strategy rooted in
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Q30. Teaching class 8 students to plan, monitor and check their own attention and learning during a task. Such 'thinking about one's own thinking' strategies are best described as
