Socialization in Diverse Contexts — Hard

Q1. Consider the following two statements about socialization: A. Society socializes each member right from infancy till the last rites, rather, the process of socialization begins even from conception. B. Socialization is a process which converts a living organism into a social being and is continuous, flowing from one generation to another. Which of the above is/are correct?

• A. Only A is correct.
• B. Only B is correct.
• C. Both A and B are correct.
• D. Neither A nor B is correct.

Q2. A B.Ed. trainee in Rampur argues, 'A Class 7 student's personality is purely a product of her socialization.' Which is the best critique of this claim?

• A. It is fully correct because schooling decides personality completely.
• B. It overlooks the unit's caution that 'human being is not the product of socialization alone — heredity also plays an important part.'
• C. It is wrong because socialization stops at infancy.
• D. It is correct because heredity is the same as socialization.

Q3. Which of the following statements about the features of socialization is NOT correct?

• A. Socialization instils basic discipline by making the individual control her impulses for social approval.
• B. From birth till death, the individual conforms to society's norms and maintains social order.
• C. Socialization stops the moment a child becomes an adult and earns financial independence.
• D. Formal socialization happens through educational institutions and non-formal through home.

Q4. Assertion (A): If the home of a Class 8 boy in rural Bihar teaches him that girls should not study beyond Class 8 while his school teaches him that girls have equal right to education, his socialization on gender becomes slow and ineffective. Reason (R): Conflict between different agencies of socialization like home, school, peer and media results in dilemmas among the ideas, examples and skills transmitted from one agency to another. Choose the best option

• A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
• B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
• C. A is true but R is false.
• D. A is false but R is true.

Q5. Aarti (Class 7, Rampur) (i) imitates her mother's habit of touching the feet of elders, and (ii) joins the school's NCC unit and starts following its drill and code. (i) and (ii) are best classified as

• A. (i) anticipatory socialization, (ii) resocialization.
• B. (i) primary socialization, (ii) secondary socialization.
• C. (i) developmental socialization, (ii) primary socialization.
• D. (i) secondary socialization, (ii) anticipatory socialization.

Q6. The KEY difference between anticipatory socialization and resocialization is that

• A. anticipatory socialization rejects old patterns whereas resocialization is the very first family socialization.
• B. anticipatory socialization is acceptance of values of a group one anticipates joining in future, whereas resocialization involves rejecting previous behaviour patterns and accepting new ones to shift from one part of life to another.
• C. anticipatory socialization happens only in childhood and resocialization only in old age.
• D. both refer to the same process under different names.

Q7. Match the following types of socialization with their example: List I (Type) | List II (Example) P. Primary | 1. Class 10 student wants to be a doctor after a counselling class. Q. Secondary | 2. Father respects his parents, so child learns to respect elders. R. Developmental | 3. Teacher trainees learning how to become teachers. S. Anticipatory | 4. Shy senior-secondary student joins 'Thought for the Day' programme.

• A. P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-3
• B. P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4
• C. P-2, Q-4, R-1, S-3
• D. P-3, Q-1, R-2, S-4

Q8. A new science teacher in a Class 7 school in Chennai notices that her students bring rice-based tiffin while her own childhood (in Punjab) revolved around roti. This regional variation is best explained by saying that

• A. food preferences are biologically determined and cannot be changed.
• B. food habits, dressing styles and celebration of various festivals are all determined by our socialization process.
• C. schools alone fix what every child eats.
• D. only urban families allow regional variation in food.

Q9. Which of the following is NOT among the research findings on low-income families?

• A. Children from low-income families are less likely to receive adequate nutrition and appropriate health care than affluent families.
• B. Parents with less economic resources are found to be less confident in their parenting and show less warmth.
• C. Parents with lesser economic resources have been more verbally and physically abusive to their children.
• D. Children from low-income families consistently outperform affluent children in school examinations.

Q10. Research finds that the test scores of children are lowered when they live in a neighbourhood where ____ or more of the residents are poor, even when parental education, income and health are held constant.

• A. 5%
• B. 10%
• C. 20%
• D. 50%

Q11. Diversity may be 'conceptualized as at risk' or 'conceptualized as an asset.' Which pair below correctly matches both?

• A. Risk view: migrant-family children risk delinquency, aggression, attention deficits and poor performance; Asset view: migrant families show strong ethnic values, family cohesion and value education for social mobility.
• B. Risk view: bilingualism harms cognitive growth; Asset view: monolingual children are more adaptable.
• C. Risk view: migrant children always outperform locals; Asset view: migrant children always under-perform.
• D. Risk view: there is no risk; Asset view: there is no asset.

Q12. Even when girls from slum areas reach a school, the discriminatory practices listed in the unit include

• A. asking them to sweep, clean the room, make tea for teachers and assuming they have low intelligence so can be taught only by scolding and beating.
• B. giving them extra coaching, free uniforms and laptops.
• C. automatic medical-college admission and scholarship.
• D. exempting them from all classroom work.

Q13. Two commissions were constituted after Independence to help lower castes and other backward classes and to remove extreme inequalities. They are

• A. Kothari Commission (1964) and Mudaliar Commission (1953).
• B. Kaka Kalelkar Commission (1953) and Mandal Commission (1989).
• C. Radhakrishnan Commission (1948) and Sargent Commission (1944).
• D. Sachar Committee (2006) and Justice Verma Committee (2013).

Q14. Gender discrimination is conveyed through (i) gender distribution of school personnel and (ii) treatment of females and males in textbooks. The unit suggests that teachers must be sensitised to differentiate their performance expectations, communication styles and evaluative feedback. As a SPECIFIC remedy to bring about these changes, the unit names

• A. examination-only assessment.
• B. corporal punishment for non-compliant boys.
• C. praise and constructive criticism.
• D. single-sex classrooms for ages 11–14.

Q15. A new Class 7 teacher in Rampur scolds a tribal girl from a hill community for 'not making eye contact while answering' and concludes she is dishonest. The teacher's best course of action is to

• A. punish the girl until she makes eye contact like the rest of the class.
• B. recognise that in some cultures, making eye contact with authority figures is considered rude or disrespectful, and therefore not read it as dishonesty.
• C. complain to the principal and have the girl shifted to a different section.
• D. ignore the issue completely and continue with the lesson.