Concept of Inclusive Education — Hard

Q1. Consider the following statements about inclusive education: I. Inclusion refers to restructuring schools as communities where all children can learn in a common environment without any discrimination. II. The regular classroom environment is adjusted to meet the individual needs. III. The spatial and temporal placement (as in integration) is abandoned and replaced by separate placements. Which of the above is/are CORRECT?

• A. I and II only
• B. I and III only
• C. II and III only
• D. I, II and III

Q2. A Class 7 student in a rural Bihar school has severe intellectual disability. Academic learning is extremely limited, but he has learnt — with his teacher's help — to tie his shoelaces, fold his uniform, and prepare simple tea for the staff room. Which evaluation adaptation should the teacher use for him?

• A. Modification — let him answer the regular Science paper through pictures.
• B. Substitution — give the same questions in Braille.
• C. Omission — drop only the abstract questions from the Science paper.
• D. Compensation — assess his self-care and vocational/pre-vocational skills instead of regular academic content.

Q3. In integration the placement of the child with disability in a regular classroom was 'more of spatial and temporal'. This phrasing implies that

• A. The classroom and school were substantially redesigned around the child's individual learning needs.
• B. The child sat in the same room at the same time as peers, but the system itself was not adjusted to suit material or method of teaching-learning.
• C. The child attended only physical-education and music classes with peers.
• D. The child was rotated weekly through different classrooms of the school.

Q4. 'Underachievers' are named among the groups at risk for exclusion. Which of the following best captures why otherwise able children become underachievers?

• A. Inherited cognitive limitations from family.
• B. Distractions like television and computers, parental academic pressure and a monotonous school atmosphere together drag the child down.
• C. Refusal of the RTE Act to admit them in neighbourhood schools.
• D. Lack of a separate playground for them in school.

Q5. Suraj, a Class 7 student in an upper-primary school, is generally well-behaved but turns naughty when his attention slips during a long teacher-talk. His teacher should manage him by

• A. Stopping the lesson and lecturing Suraj in front of the whole class.
• B. Making eye contact / giving a meaningful glance, which is enough to bring him back without disrupting the lesson.
• C. Sending him to the principal's office every time it happens.
• D. Asking the class monitor to mark him a 'troublemaker' in the diary.

Q6. Direction — read the assertion and the reason: Assertion (A): A rigid pattern of evaluation that depends entirely on reading and writing is a major deterrent to inclusive education. Reason (R): When a child cannot write, all the other abilities of the child go unnoticed, the child gets frustrated and drops out of the system. Choose the most appropriate

• A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
• B. Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
• C. A is true, R is false.
• D. A is false, R is true.

Q7. Which of the following is NOT classified under 'children with disabilities' at risk for exclusion?

• A. Sensory impairment — hearing or visual.
• B. Social, emotional and behavioural disorders, often misunderstood by the school.
• C. Health problems like diabetes, arthritis, epilepsy and malnutrition.
• D. Children of well-educated urban parents who routinely score above 90 percent in class tests.

Q8. Mr. Kumar's Class 8 classroom opens onto a busy school corridor. He has one easily-distractible student. Based on guidance for modifying the physical environment, the most appropriate single adjustment is

• A. Move the easily-distractible student to a seat far away from the corridor side, where the noise is least.
• B. Punish the student each time he turns to look at the corridor.
• C. Shut all classroom windows so no sound or air can enter.
• D. Send the student to a separate, soundproof resource room for the whole day.

Q9. Among the benefits of inclusive education, which of the following is NOT named?

• A. Inclusive education can help break the cycle of poverty and exclusion.
• B. It encourages children to stay with their families and communities.
• C. It promotes wider inclusion of individuals for the development of the nation.
• D. It guarantees a government job to every learner who completes Class 8.

Q10. Shubha, in Class 7, follows English and Science but struggles with Mathematics — every Maths period she becomes restless and disturbs her neighbour. The most appropriate classroom-management response is

• A. Mark her absent for every Maths period until her behaviour improves.
• B. Sit by her side during Maths, give her some easy individual work and help her finish it — keeping her engaged and learning.
• C. Move her to a remedial school after the next test.
• D. Ignore her behaviour; restlessness during Maths is a personality issue.

Q11. Helen Keller's words — 'Alone we can do so little, together we can do so much' — are used to argue that

• A. Teachers should each work alone in their own classrooms without coordinating with anyone.
• B. Inclusive education needs the joint effort of teachers, parents, community, administrators and support professionals working together.
• C. Children with disabilities should be educated only in groups with other children with disabilities.
• D. School achievements depend solely on the individual hard work of the child.

Q12. In a Class 7 classroom in rural Bihar, three students belong to a minority community whose home language is different from the medium of instruction, and whose festivals are not marked in the school calendar. The inclusive response of the teacher is to recognise that these children are at risk of exclusion because of

• A. Lower intelligence than the majority community.
• B. Differences of language, culture and faith — which the school system does not yet adapt to, putting them at the margin.
• C. Their unwillingness to study with classmates.
• D. Reservations granted to them under the Constitution.

Q13. Inclusive practice calls for treating each child in an inclusive classroom as 'an experience rather than a problem'. The PEDAGOGICAL implication of this stance for an upper-primary teacher is best captured by

• A. Removing children whose needs differ from the average, so the average child is not 'slowed down'.
• B. Beginning every interaction by listing the child's deficits to peers and parents.
• C. Approaching diversity with curiosity and learning from each child's distinct strengths, while planning teaching to suit their needs.
• D. Treating the child's difference as a temporary problem that will go away with a stern routine.

Q14. Geographically remote and hilly areas are listed as a separate ground for exclusion because

• A. Children in such regions are considered too tired by the climate to learn academic content.
• B. Poor transport, lack of access to schools and limited availability of trained teachers and resources together restrict the right to education for children living in these areas.
• C. The Constitution does not extend the right to education to remote regions.
• D. Such children have no interest in continuing education beyond Class 5.

Q15. An upper-primary teacher in Rampur is convinced by the argument that 'a single written test cannot capture every child's ability'. Which one of the following classroom changes is MOST consistent with the call for a diversified evaluation system?

• A. Continue with one common written test, but raise the passing mark from 33% to 50%.
• B. Use a mix — oral responses, project work, demonstration, computer/picture responses, Braille/large-print for visual impairment, and omission of overly abstract questions where appropriate.
• C. Cancel evaluation entirely for students with any difficulty.
• D. Replace the written paper with one long multiple-choice test of 150 questions for all.