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Mastery

How Nature Works in Harmony — Mastery

30 questions 30 min Full-chapter mastery

  1. Q1. In a forest habitat, which of the following is an abiotic component?

  2. Q2. According to the chapter, the physical (abiotic) conditions of a habitat include

  3. Q3. Activity 12.2 asks students to mark a 1 m × 1 m area in the school garden and count organisms. If a group finds 30 dandelion plants and 4 ladybird beetles in this area, the 30 dandelion plants represent the

  4. Q4. In a forest, the populations of trees, deer, tigers, monkeys, snakes and many microorganisms together form a

  5. Q5. Terrestrial ecosystems, as listed in the chapter, include forests, farms and even large trees like banyan, mango or

  6. Q6. Fig. 12.6 in the chapter shows mountains, forests, grasslands and a small river along with farmland. This figure best illustrates that

  7. Q7. The term 'heterotroph' is built from the Greek roots hetero (other) and troph (food). A heterotroph is therefore best defined as an organism that

  8. Q8. From Table 12.4, which group of organisms feeds only on plants and plant products?

  9. Q9. The specific position that an organism occupies in a food chain is called a

  10. Q10. Small carnivores (like frogs) in a food chain are at the

  11. Q11. In the grassland food chain Grass → Grasshopper → Frog → Snake → Eagle, the topmost predator is

  12. Q12. Decomposers are also called saprotrophs. The Greek roots sapro and troph mean

  13. Q13. Why does the chapter say 'in nature, nothing is wasted — everything is reused'?

  14. Q14. Besides feeding relationships, organisms in a community also compete for common resources like food, water, physical space or sunlight. This competition is important because it

  15. Q15. UNESCO declared the Sundarbans a World Heritage Site in the year

  16. Q16. Mangrove trees in the Sundarbans protect coastal areas mainly by

  17. Q17. According to the chapter, the Sundarbans are under threat for which of the following reasons?

  18. Q18. Long-term overuse of synthetic fertilisers may reduce soil fertility because it

  19. Q19. Which of the following farming approaches is suggested in the chapter as the MOST sustainable alternative to overuse of synthetic chemicals?

  20. Q20. The ancient Indian text Vrikshayurveda emphasises soil health and nourishment. It advocates the use of

  21. Q21. A Class 8 teacher wants students to learn about biotic and abiotic components first-hand. The BEST first activity, based on Activity 12.1 in the chapter, is to

  22. Q22. A Class 8 student says, 'All the deer in a forest together are a community.' To correct this misconception, the BEST clarification a teacher can give is

  23. Q23. A student draws the food chain as: Eagle → Snake → Frog → Grasshopper → Grass. To best correct this, the teacher should explain that the arrows in a food chain show

  24. Q24. Loss of forest cover and changes in rainfall patterns lead to elephants entering human farms and villages because

  25. Q25. If overfishing by humans drastically reduces the fish population in a pond, the MOST likely consequence based on the chapter's pond study is

  26. Q26. In Fig. 12.20, hare → fox and hare → eagle are part of a food web. If the Indian hare population drops because of a disease, the MOST likely short-term effect is

  27. Q27. The chapter warns that monoculture and overuse of synthetic chemicals can affect pollinators. Why is this a serious concern for food security?

  28. Q28. Which of the following is named in the chapter's 'Our scientific heritage' box as a protected area in India?

  29. Q29. Asir Jawahar Thomas Johnsingh (A.J.T. Johnsingh), described in the 'Be a scientist' box, was a famous Indian

  30. Q30. The chapter's 'Discover, design, and debate' section mentions that in Arunachal Pradesh, the Nyishi and Mishmi tribes treat which animal as sacred?

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