Understanding Learning

About this chapter

Understanding Learning is the bedrock chapter on which the CDP-Learning-and-Pedagogy slice of CTET Paper 1 stands. It answers four exam-critical questions. First, what counts as learning? — a relatively permanent change in behaviour that comes from experience, exercise and effort (Hilgard, Atkinson and Atkinson 1979; Hurlock 1942; Smith 1962). Second, what does NOT count as learning? — reflex actions, biological instincts, temporary cramming, changes due to maturation, fatigue, illness or drugs. Third, how is learning different from related concepts — maturation (natural unfolding of inborn traits), teaching (purposeful inducing of learning) and imprinting (Lorenz's instinctive species-specific attachment in newborns)? Fourth, how does learning happen? — Marzano's five dimensions of learning, the VARK model of learning styles, pace of learning, four modes (observation, imitation, trial-and-error, insight) with Thorndike's hungry cat and Kohler's chimpanzee, and transfer of learning (positive, negative and zero — Thorndike's identical elements). CTET tests this through definition-based recall, theorist-tag matching and short classroom-scenario questions for a primary teacher. The four tests — Practice 15, Quiz 15, Hard 15, Mastery 30 — cover all six topics at CTET depth and difficulty.