Understanding Learning — Practice

Q1. According to Hilgard, Atkinson and Atkinson (1979), learning may be defined as

• A. Any temporary change in behaviour caused by fatigue or drugs
• B. A relatively permanent change in behaviour that occurs as the result of prior experience
• C. The natural unfolding of inborn genetic traits
• D. An instinctive species-specific attachment formed soon after birth

Q2. Hurlock (1942) describes learning as development that comes from

• A. Genetic endowment alone
• B. Exercise and effort
• C. Fatigue and illness
• D. Reflex actions

Q3. Which of the following is NOT learning?

• A. A class 3 child learning to read a paragraph in Hindi
• B. Withdrawing the finger immediately when pricked by a pin
• C. A child slowly learning to ride a bicycle through practice
• D. A learner acquiring the skill of adding two-digit numbers

Q4. Priya, a class 5 student in Rampur, crams a list of capitals the night before her test and forgets them a week later. According to the unit, this is NOT true learning because learning must

• A. Be entirely teacher-directed
• B. Involve some degree of permanence
• C. Take place only in school
• D. Occur without any effort

Q5. Learning is best viewed as

• A. A product that the teacher deposits in the learner
• B. A process that the child carries out to understand the real world
• C. A fixed quantity of facts purchased from the teacher
• D. A one-time event that ends with the school exam

Q6. The unit says learning is comprehensive because it covers which three domains of human behaviour?

• A. Reading, Writing and Arithmetic
• B. Cognitive, Affective and Psychomotor
• C. Physical, Mental and Spiritual
• D. Individual, Social and Cultural

Q7. According to Hurlock (1942), maturation is

• A. The behaviour change brought about by exercise and effort
• B. The unfolding of characteristics potentially present in the individual from the individual's genetic endowment
• C. The instinctive attachment of newborn birds to the first moving object
• D. A relatively permanent change in behaviour due to experience

Q8. The term 'imprinting' was first used in the 1930s by the Austrian ethologist

• A. Jean Piaget
• B. Konrad Lorenz
• C. Albert Bandura
• D. B.F. Skinner

Q9. According to Marzano et al. (2006), how many dimensions of learning are essential for successful learning?

• A. Three
• B. Four
• C. Five
• D. Seven

Q10. Mr. Sharma, a primary teacher in a school in rural Bihar, keeps his classroom safe, clean and welcoming so that his class 4 learners feel comfortable. He is mainly working on which of Marzano's dimensions of learning?

• A. Habits of Mind
• B. Attitudes and Perceptions
• C. Use Knowledge Meaningfully
• D. Extend and Refine Knowledge

Q11. In Fleming's VARK model of learning styles, the letters V, A, R and K stand for

• A. Verbal, Active, Reflective, Kinaesthetic
• B. Visual, Auditory, Reading/Writing preference, Kinaesthetic
• C. Visual, Affective, Rational, Knowledge
• D. Verbal, Auditory, Rote, Knowledge

Q12. Khan (2012), quoted in the unit, makes which point about pace of learning?

• A. Quicker learners are always smarter than slower learners
• B. Pace of learning is a question of style, not relative intelligence
• C. Slow learners cannot learn complex topics
• D. Every learner must learn at the same pace as the class

Q13. The famous experiment of a hungry cat in a cage learning to press a lever to get food is associated with which theorist and which mode of learning?

• A. Pavlov — Classical Conditioning
• B. Thorndike — Trial and Error
• C. Kohler — Learning by Insight
• D. Bandura — Observational Learning

Q14. Learning by insight was introduced by Gestalt psychologists. The famous experiment used to illustrate it involved

• A. A salivating dog and a bell
• B. A chimpanzee, a cage, and bananas with sticks
• C. A child and a Bobo doll
• D. A hungry cat and a lever

Q15. A class 2 child who has learnt to pedal a tricycle finds it easier to pedal a bicycle. This is an example of

• A. Negative transfer of learning
• B. Positive transfer of learning
• C. Zero transfer of learning
• D. Imprinting