Development of Self (adolescence)

About this chapter

Development of Self is the chapter that builds the Paper 2 inclusive-education aspirant's understanding of how a learner's inner world takes shape across childhood and adolescence. For the upper-primary teacher of Classes VI to VIII (ages 11-14), this chapter explains five interlinked strands — formation of self-concept and the factors that push it favourable or unfavourable; development of values and the three discipline styles (authoritarian, permissive, democratic); the meaning, three components and development of attitude, with five effective teacher attitudes; perception and the role of play in its development citing Piaget and Vygotsky's zone of proximal development; and motivation, with intrinsic vs extrinsic forms and four indicators — persistence, choice of challenge, dependency and emotion. CTET Paper 2 routinely tests this through definitions of self-concept, factors that lower self-esteem in adolescents, value-development through reward and punishment, three discipline styles, three components of attitude (cognitive, affective, behavioural), and intrinsic-motivation strategies for the upper-primary classroom. The four tests — Practice 15, Quiz 15, Hard 15, Mastery 30 — cover all five strands at CTET depth.